Association of Serum Vitamin D with Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Adults in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Yasin Arafat
Department of Applied Laboratory Sciences, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Tamanna Akter
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Foysal Ahmmed Roni
Department of Biochemistry, Labaid Medical Centre Gulshan Ltd, Bangladesh.
M. M. Al-Shakib Rhidoy
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asgar Ali Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Asrafun Nahar
Department of Pathology, National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Musa Ali *
Department of Data Analytics, Touro University, New York, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been increasingly associated with impaired glucose metabolism and metabolic abnormalities among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. However, comparative data regarding serum vitamin D levels among diabetic and non-diabetic adults in Dhaka remain limited.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels with glycemic control and lipid profile among diabetic and non-diabetic adults attending tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2025 to December 2025 among 200 adult participants, including 100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic individuals attending tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected following overnight fasting for estimation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and lipid profile parameters using standard laboratory procedures. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate statistical software, and p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower among diabetic participants compared to non-diabetic controls (18.7 ± 6.5 ng/mL vs. 29.8 ± 8.3 ng/mL; p<0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 64% of diabetic participants and 22% of non-diabetic participants. Significant negative correlations were identified between serum vitamin D levels and fasting blood glucose (r = −0.482, p<0.001), HbA1c (r = −0.527, p<0.001), triglycerides (r = −0.446, p<0.001), LDL-C (r = −0.401, p=0.001), and BMI (r = −0.298, p=0.011). A positive correlation was observed between vitamin D and HDL-C levels (r = 0.314, p=0.007). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified diabetes mellitus, elevated HbA1c, increased BMI, and reduced HDL-C as significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency.
Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower among diabetic adults and were associated with poor glycemic control and adverse lipid profile parameters. Routine monitoring of vitamin D status may be beneficial among diabetic patients for improved metabolic management.
Keywords: Vitamin D, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, glycemic control, lipid profile, Hypovitaminosis D, Bangladesh.